Parameters Encyclopedia Articles

Complete technical guide to beam angle in lighting: 15° narrow spot to 120° wide flood, CEN/CIE measurement standard, illuminance-distance calculation, downlight/track/wall-wash angle recommendations per GB 50034, and common specification errors.

Complete technical guide to Correlated Color Temperature (CCT): 2700K to 6500K Kelvin scale, CIE chromaticity diagram, application matching table, SDCM tolerance standards, and compliance with GB 50034 and IEC 60068.

Color Tolerance (SDCM) Explained: 3-step vs 5-step MacAdam — Neutral, data-driven lighting reference.

Constant Current vs Constant Voltage LED Drivers — Neutral, data-driven lighting reference.

Complete technical guide to CRI (Ra): R1–R8 average color rendering, R9 saturated red importance, CIE test color samples, R1–R15 extended calculation, TM-30-18 Rf and Rg, and application-specific CRI requirements per GB 50034 and CIE 13.3.

Flicker in LED Lighting: Causes, Measurement, Health Effects — Neutral, data-driven lighting reference.

Complete technical guide to illuminance (lux), luminous flux (lumens), and luminous intensity (candelas): lux vs lm vs cd explained, target illuminance levels for 30+ room types per GB 50034 and EN 12464-1, measurement methods using illuminance meters, inverse-square law, and compliance verification.

Complete technical guide to IP (Ingress Protection) ratings for lighting: full IP00–IP69K table, IEC 60529 standard, bathroom zone selection, outdoor fixture requirements, common specification mistakes, and compliance with GB 7000.1 and IEC 60598.

LED Chip Types: SMD 2835 vs 3030 vs 5050 vs COB — Differences — Neutral, data-driven lighting reference.

Color Rendering Metrics: CRI vs R9 vs TM-30 (Rf, Rg) — Neutral, data-driven lighting reference.

Learn the difference between LED drivers and transformers. Understand constant current vs constant voltage, when to use each, and how to choose the right power supply.

LED Efficacy Guide: lm/W Ratings, Current Standards, Future Trends — Neutral, data-driven lighting reference.

LED Power Guide: Wattage, Equivalence, Driver Matching — Neutral, data-driven lighting reference.

LED vs Laser Lighting: Technology, Efficiency, Applications — Neutral, data-driven lighting reference.

Lumen Depreciation & LED Lifetime: L70, B50, TM-21 — Neutral, data-driven lighting reference.

Luminous Flux Guide: How Many Lumens Do You Need? — Neutral, data-driven lighting reference.

Power Factor in LED Lighting: PF vs Efficiency, Regulatory Requirements — Neutral, data-driven lighting reference.

Surge Protection for LED Lighting: Requirements for Outdoor & Industrial — Neutral, data-driven lighting reference.

Thermal Management in LED: Heat Sinks, Junction Temperature, Lifespan — Neutral, data-driven lighting reference.

Dimmable Protocols: TRIAC vs 0-10V vs DALI vs DMX — Which to Choose — Neutral, data-driven lighting reference.

UGR (Unified Glare Rating) Guide: Standards & Acceptable Levels — Neutral, data-driven lighting reference.

Choosing between warm white (2700K-3000K) and cool white (4000K-6500K) LED lighting? Our complete guide explains color temperature for each room in your home.